TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE SOURCES

A. BOOKS AND MANUSCRIPTS

B. LAW REVIEW ARTICLES

C. LEGAL DECISIONS

D. WEB RESOURCES

II. SELECTED SCHOLARSHIP OF PROFESSOR SAX

A. BOOKS

B. LAW REVIEW ARTICLES

James T. Paul, Public Trust Doctrine: Who Has the Burden of Proof? (1996). Location: UH Manoa, Hamilton, Hawaiian Collection. Call #: KFH354.P38 1996
 

Hong Sik Cho, Public Trust Doctrine and Global Commons (Microform) (1995). Location: UH Law, Main Collection. Call #: Microfiche D50151 008-00006
 

Kathleen Marion Carr & James D. Crammon, Eds., WATER LAW TRENDS, POLICIES, AND PRACTICE (1995). Location: UH Law, Main Collection. Call #: KF5569.W374 1995
 

Richard M. Lattimer, Jr., Myopic Federalism: The Public Trust Doctrine and Regulation of Military Activities (Microform) (1994). Location: UH Law, Main Collection. Call #: Microfiche D50151 003-00025
 

Jack H. Archer et al., PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE AND THE MANAGEMENT OF AMERICA’S COASTS (1994) [Foreword by Jan Stevens] Location: UH Law, Main Collection; UH Manoa, Hamilton. Also available through Amazon.com for $35.00 new/$20.00 used.
 
 

Ellen B. Simon, Public Access to Coastal and Inland Waterways for Recreational Purposes Through Reliance on the Public Trust Doctrine and Navigational Servitudes (Microform) (1993). Location: UH Law: Main Collection. Call #: Microfiche D50151 006-00117
 

Paul C. Sarahan, Wetlands Protection Post-Lucas: Implications of the Public Trust Doctrine on Takings Analysis (Microfiche 1993). Location: UH Law, Main Collection. Call #: Microfiche D50151 006-00127
 

Steven Copeland, PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (1991). Location: UH Manoa, Hamilton, Hawaiian Collection & Main
 

Government Law Center of Albany Law School (New York), Conference on the Public Trust Doctrine (December 6, 1991), PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE: THE OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT OF LANDS, WATER AND LIVING RESOURCES (1991). Location: UH Law, Main Collection. Call #: KF5505.P82 1991
 

David Slade et al., PUTTING THE PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE TO WORK: THE APPLICATION OF THE PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE TO THE MANAGEMENT OF LANDS, WATERS AND LIVING RESOURCES OF THE COASTAL STATES (Coastal States Organization 1990) [361 pp.] Location: UH Law, Main Collection. Call #: KF5627.S4 1990. Also available at the Symposium through Hawaii’s Thousand Friends and Amazon.com.
 

Molly Selvin, Public Trust Doctrine in 1985 (1985). Location: UH Manoa, Hamilton. RAND P-7166
 

John H. Clough, PROPERTY: ILLUSIONS OF "OWNERSHIP": THE PROCESS OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT; A STUDY OF THE NATURE OF REAL PROPERTY; IDENTIFICATION OF THE TRUST RES FOR A PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE IN LAND USE PLANNING (1984). Location: UH Law, Main Collection. Call #: KF570.C65 1984
 

Harrison C. Dunning, Ed., PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE IN NATURAL RESOURCES LAW AND MANAGEMENT: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS (U.C. Davis School of Law & U.C. Davis Extension, 1981). Location: UH Law
 

Molly Selvin, "THIS TENDER AND DELICATE BUSINESS": THE PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE IN AMERICAN LAW AND ECONOMIC POLICY 1789-1920 (1978). Location: UH Law, Main Collection. Call #: KF5500.S45 1978a

 

David L. Callies & J. David Breemer, Selected Legal and Policy Trends in Takings Law: Background Principles, Custom, and Public Trust "Exceptions" and the (Mis)Use of Landowners’ Investment Backed Expectations, SF64 ALI-ABA Course of Study (May 3, 2001).
 

Bonnie J. McCay, Book Review: The Public Trust Doctrine: A Tragedy of the Common Law Oyster Wars and the Public Trust: Property, Law, and Ecology in New Jersey History (U. of Arizona Press, 1998), 77 Texas Law Review 1335 (1999)

Paul C. Sarahan, Wetlands Protection Post-Lucas: Implications of the Public Trust Doctrine on Takings Analysis, 13 Environmental and Planning Law Journal 537 (1994)*
 

M. Blumm, H. Dunning & S. Reed, Renouncing the Public Trust Doctrine: An Assessment of the Validity of Idaho House Bill 794, 24 Ecology Law Quarterly 461 (1997)*
 

Comment [Kent D. Morihara ‘97, Richardson School of Law], Hawai`i Constitution, Article XI, Section 1: The Conservation, Protection, and Use of Natural Resources, 19 University of Hawaii Law Review 177 (1997)
 

Douglas W. MacDougal, Private Hopes and Public Values in the "Reasonable Beneficial Use" of Hawaii’s Water: Is Balance Possible?, 18 University of Hawaii Law Review 1 (1996)
 

Patricia Tummons, Ed., Public Trust Resources at Issue in Dispute Over Waiahole Water, 7 Environment Hawaii (Sept. 1996). Also available on-line at www.environment-hawaii.org
 

James P. Powers, Reinvigoration Natural Resources Damages Actions Through the Public Trust Doctrine, 15 New York Environmental Lawyer 21 (1995)*
 

J. Archer & T. Stone, The Interaction of the Public Trust and "Takings" Doctrine: Protection Wetlands and Critical Coastal Areas, 20 Vermont Law Review 81 (1995)*
 

R.P. Jaunich, The Environment, the Free Market, and Property Rights: Post-Lucas

Privatization of the Public Trust, Public Land Law Review 168 (1994)*
 

Alison Rieser, Ecological Preservation as a Public Property Right: An Emerging Doctrine in Search of a Theory, 15 Harvard Environmental Law Review 393 (1991)*
 

"Takings, Public Trust, Unhappy Truths, and Helpless Giants: A Review of Professor Joseph Sax's Defense of the Environment Through Academic Scholarship," 25 Ecology Law Quarterly (1998)

John A. Humbach, Public Rights in the Navigable Streams of New York, 6 Pace Environmental Law Review (1989)*
 

G.D. Meyers, Variations on a Theme: Expanding the Public Trust Doctrine To Include Protection of Wildlife, 19 Environmental Law 723 (1989)*
 

Johnson, Water Pollution and the Public Trust Doctrine, 19 Environmental Law 485 (1989)
 

Hunter, An Ecological Perspective on Property: A Call for Judicial Protection of the Public’s Interest in Environmentally Critical Resources, 12 Harvard Environmental Law Review

31 (1988)*
 

Testing the Current: The Water Code and the Regulation of Hawaii’s Water Resources, 10 University of Hawaii Law Review 205 (1988)
 

M. Casey Jarman, The Public Trust Doctrine in the Exclusive Economic Zone, 65 Oregon Law Review 1 (1986)

Comment, Groundwater Rights in Hawaii: Status and Suggested Change, 8 University of Hawaii Law Review 513 (1986)
 

Richard L. Lazarus, Changing Conceptions of Property and Sovereignty in Natural Resources: Questioning the Public Trust Doctrine, 71 Iowa Law Review 609 (1986)*
 

Steven Jawetz, The Public Trust Totem in Public Land Law: Ineffective – and Undesirable – Judicial Intervention, 10 Ecology Law Quarterly 455 (1982)*
 

Note, Kaiser Aetna v. United States: Private Property Rights in a Navigable Marina, 2 University of Hawaii Law Review 589 (1981)

"The Public Trust Doctrine in Natural Resource Law and Management: A Symposium," 14 U.C. Davis L. Rev. No. 2 (Winter 1980).
 
 

* references obtained from Governmental Law Center, Albany Law School website (below)
 

Sandra Postel, "Pillar of Sand: Can the Irrigation Miracle Last?" (Worldwatch 1999)

Illinois Central Case, Illinois Central Railroad v. Illinois, 146 U.S. 387 (1892)

Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Mississippi, 484 U.S. 469 (1988).

"Mono Lake Decision," National Audubon Society v. Superior Court, 33 Cal. 3d 419, 658 P. 2d 709, 189 Cal. Rptr. 34, cert. denied, 464 U.S. 977 (1983)

"Delta Water Case," United States v. State Water Resources Control Board, 182 Cal. App. 3d 82, 277 Cal. Rptr. 161 (1986)
 
 

King v. Oahu Railway & Land Co., 11 Haw. 717 (1899)

County of Hawaii v. Sotomura, 55 Haw. 176, 517 P.2d 57 (1973)

McBryde Sugar Co. v. Robinson, 54 Haw. 174, 504 P.2d 1330 (1973)

In re Sandborn, 57 Haw. 585, 562 P.2d 725 (1977)

State of Zimring, 58 Haw. 106, 566 P.2d 725 (1977)

Robinson v. Ariyoshi, 65 Haw. 641, 658 P.2d 287 (1982)

Reppun v. Board of Water Supply, 65 Haw. 531, 656 P.2d 57 (1982), cert. denied, 471 U.S. 1014, 105 S. Ct. 2016, 85 L. Ed. 2d 298 (1985)

Ko`olau Agricultural Co. v. Commission on Water Resources Management, 83 Haw. 484, 927 P.2d 1367 (1996)

"Wai_hole Water Case," In the Matter of the Water Use Permit Applications, 94 Haw. 97 (August 22, 2000)
 
 

Hawaii Constitution and Water Code
 

Hawaii Constitution, Article XI, Section 1: "For the benefit of present and future generations, the State and its political subdivisions shall conserve and protect Hawaii’s natural beauty and all natural resources, including land, water, air, minerals, and energy sources and shall promote the development and utilization of these resources in a manner consistent with their conservation and in furtherance of the self-sufficiency of the state. All public natural resources are held in trust by the State for the benefit of the people."
 

Hawaii Constitution, Article XI, Section 7: "The State has an obligation to protect, control, and regulate the use of Hawaii’s water resources for the benefit of its people. The legislature shall provide for a water resources agency, which, as provided by law, shall set overall water conservation, quality and use policies; define beneficial and reasonable uses; protect ground and surface water resources, watersheds and natural stream environments; establish criteria for water use priorities while assuring appurtenant rights and existing correlative and riparian uses and establish procedures for regulating all uses of Hawaii’s water resources."
 

Hawaii State Water Code, Hawaii Revised Statutes, Section 174C et seq. (enacted in 1987) (Section 174C-2(a): "It is declared that the people of the State are beneficiaries and have a right to have the waters protected for their use.")

The Governmental Law Center, Albany Law School, Public Trust Doctrine Home Page <www.als.edu/glc/ptd-home.html> "The Public Trust Doctrine Website is offered by the Governmental Law Center of the Albany Law School as an educational service to provide information and foster a discourse for parties interested in public policy, research, and application in natural and cultural resources planning and management of the Public Trust Doctrine."

Mono Lake Committee <www.monolake.org> "The Mono Lake Committee is a non-profit citizen's group dedicated to protecting and restoring the Mono Basin Ecosystem; educating the public about Mono Lake and the impacts on the environment of excessive water use; and promoting cooperative solutions that protect Mono Lake and meet real water needs without transferring environmental problems to other areas."
 

Legal Institute of the Great Lakes, University of Toledo College of Law, Ohio, Public Trust Doctrine (including information on the Great Lakes’ Public Trust Doctrine Workshop) <www.utlaw.edu/ligl/public_trust_doctrine/.htm>

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Wetlands, Oceans & Watersheds, Coastlines: Information About Estuaries and Near Coastal Waters <www.epa.gov/owow/estuaries/coastlines/fall97/publictr.html>
 

Joseph L. Sax, PLAYING DARTS WITH REMBRANDT: PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RIGHTS IN CULTURAL TREASURES (1999). Location: UH Law, Main Collection. Call #: K3791.S29 1999

Joseph L. Sax & R. Abrams, LEGAL CONTROL OF WATER RESOURCES (1986)

Joseph L. Sax, MOUNTAINS WITHOUT HANDRAILS: REFLECTIONS ON THE NATIONAL PARKS (1980). Location: UH Law, Hamilton, UH Hilo

Joseph L. Sax, DEFENDING THE ENVIRONMENT: A STRATEGY FOR CITIZEN ACTION (1971). Location: UH Law, Hamilton, Kapiolani CC

Joseph L. Sax, WATER LAW, PLANNING & POLICY: CASES AND MATERIALS (1968). Location: UH Law, Hamilton. Call #: KF5568.S3 1968
 

Joseph L. Sax, Symposium: Environment 2000 – New Issues for a New Century, Comment on John Harte’s Paper, "Land Use, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Integrity: The Challenge of Preserving Earth’s Life Support System," 27 Ecology Law Quarterly 1003 (2001)

Joseph L. Sax, Symposium of the Law in the Twentieth Century, Environmental Law at the Turn of the Century: A Reportorial Fragment of Contemporary History, 88 California Law Review 2375 (2000)

Joseph L. Sax, Water Allocation Among New and Traditional Users, Presentation for the Water Rights Working Group at U.C. Berkeley (May 4, 2000)

Joseph L. Sax, Concluding Perspective on Ecosystem Management, The Ecosystem Approach: New Departures for Land and Water 24 Ecology Law Quarterly 883 (1997)

Joseph L. Sax, Using Property Rights To Attack Environmental Protection, 14 Pace Environmental Law Review (1996)

Joseph L. Sax, ALI-ABA Continuing Legal Education, Takings Legislative Proposals, CA37 ALI-ABA 149 (1996)

Joseph L. Sax, Proposals for Public Land Reform: Sorting Out the Good, the Bad, and the Indifferent, 3 Hastings West-Northwest Journal of Environmental Law and Policy 187 (1996)

Joseph L. Sax, Takings Legislation: Where It Stands and What Is Next, 23 Ecology Law Quarterly 509 (1996)

Joseph L. Sax, Takings "Takings Rights" Seriously: A Debate on Property Rights Legislation Before the 104^th Congress 9 Administrative Law Journal - American University 253 (1995)

Joseph L. Sax, Understanding Transfers: Community Rights and the Privatization of Water, 1 West-Northwest Journal of Environmental Law and Policy 13 (1994)

Joseph L. Sax, Rights that "Inhere in the Title Itself": The Impact of the Lucas Case on Western Water Law 26 Loyola Los Angeles Law Review 943 (1993)

Joseph L. Sax, Property Rights and the Economy of Nature: Understanding Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council, 45 Stanford Law Review 1433 (1993)

Joseph L. Sax, Nature and Habitat Conservation and Protection in the United States, 20 Ecology Law Quarterly 47 (1993)

Joseph L. Sax, The Constitutional Dimensions of Property: A Debate, 26 Loyola Los Angeles Law Review 23 (1992)

Joseph L. Sax, The Fate of Wetlands in the Face of Rising Sea Levels: A Strategic Proposal, 9 UCLA Journal Environmental Law and Policy 143 (1991)

Joseph L. Sax, The Constitution, Property Rights, and the Future of Water Law, 61 University of Colorado Law Review 257 (1990) [Included with Symposium Materials]

Joseph L. Sax, Heritage Preservation as a Public Duty: The Abbe Gregoire and the Origins of an Idea, 88 Michigan Law Review 1142 (1990)

Joseph L. Sax, In Anyone Minding Stonehenge? The Origins of Cultural Protection in England, 78 California Law Review 1543 (1990)

Joseph L. Sax, The Search for Environmental Rights, 6 Journal of Land Use and Environmental Law 93 (1990)

Joseph L. Sax, Environmental Law in the Law Schools: What We Teach and How We Feel About It, 19 Environmental Law Reporter 10251 (June 1989)

Joseph L. Sax, Symposium on the Public Trust and the Waters of the American West: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow: Introduction and Overview: The Limits of Private Rights in Public Waters, 19 Environmental Law 473 (1989)

Joseph L. Sax, The Limits of Private Rights in Public Waters, 19 Environmental Law 473 (1989)

Joseph L. Sax, Property Rights in the U.S. Supreme Court: A Status Report, 7 U.C.L.A Journal of Environmental Law and Policy 139 (1988)

Joseph L. Sax, Glacier National Park and Its Neighbors: A Study of Federal Interagency Relations, 14 Ecology Law Quarterly 207 (1987)

Joseph L. Sax, The Trampas File, 84 Michigan Law Review 1389 (1986)

Joseph L. Sax, Review: Takings, 53 University of Chicago Law Review 279 (1986)

Joseph L. Sax, Do Communities Have Rights? The National Parks as a Laboratory of New Ideas, 45 University of Pittsburgh Law Review 499 (1984)

Joseph L. Sax, Some Thoughts on the Decline of Private Property, 58 Washington Law Review 481 (1983)

Joseph L. Sax, Why We Will Not (Should Not) Sell the Public Lands, 1983 Utah Law Review 313 (1983)

Joseph L. Sax, Helpless Giants: The National Parks and the Regulation of Private Lands, 75 Michigan Law Review 239 (1980)

Joseph L. Sax, Liberating the Public Trust Doctrine from its Historical Shackles, 14 U.C. Davis Law Review 185 (1980)

Joseph L. Sax, The (Unhappy) Truth about NEPA, 26 Oklahoma L. Rev. 239 (1973)

Joseph L. Sax, Takings, Private Property and Public Rights, 81 Yale Law Journal 149 (1971)

Joseph L. Sax, The Public Trust Doctrine in Natural Resources Law: Effective Judicial Intervention, 68 Michigan Law Review 471 (1970)

Joseph L. Sax, Takings and the Police Power, 74 Yale Law Journal 36 (1964)
 
 

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